What to Wear in Antarctica

As an expedition guide, I see an extraordinary range of guest clothing choices every season. Some are well considered; others are entirely impractical. Many people expect the Antarctic Peninsula to share the extreme cold of the continental interior, but it is often milder than travellers imagine. Average summer temperatures hover around freezing, though conditions can shift rapidly from calm sunshine to driving sleet.

I have seen guests step into Zodiacs wearing layers suited to temperatures far colder than the Antarctic Peninsula ever reaches, only to overheat within minutes of landing. Don’t get me wrong, the wind can howl and there’s plenty of snow and rain. Yet, the weather here can also be surprisingly mild. What matters most is reliable protection from rain, snow, and wind, combined with breathable materials and a layering system that allows quick adjustment as conditions change.

We do our best to keep passengers dry during Zodiac transfers, but sometimes wind and waves conspire to make the journey wetter than anyone would like. Dressing for Antarctica means preparing for all of it- wet, windy, or unexpectedly warm- often within the same landing.

Knowing what to wear in Antarctica determines whether you experience the day with comfort or through gritted (or chattering) teeth. This Antarctic cruise clothing guide sets out how to assemble gear that keeps you dry, manages heat, and copes with the Southern Ocean’s unpredictable weather.

The Antarctic Environment: What You’re Dressing For

Antarctica’s coastal weather defies expectation. Most travellers imagine extreme cold, yet the Antarctic Peninsula rarely delivers the brutal sub-zero temperatures of the interior. The weather is polar maritime: cold, wet, and changeable. During the cruise season, air temperatures hover close to freezing, often a few degrees above. What makes the climate demanding is not the absolute cold but the combination of snow, sleet, or rain, wind, and sudden shifts between activity and stillness.

Understanding the Real Antarctic Climate

Learning what to wear in Antarctica means preparing for sudden changes in temperature, wind, and exertion. You may begin a landing beneath heavy grey cloud with a light drizzle, only for the wind to drop and the sun to turn the snow-covered ground into a mirror of glare. Minutes later, the same breeze can rise again, cutting straight through any damp fabric. The task of dressing for Antarctica is therefore less about insulation and more about controlling moisture and heat.

Every passenger must account for three principal challenges: wind, water, and exertion. The wind accelerates heat loss, especially when it carries sea spray or snow. Water arrives as rain, sleet, or airborne salt that soaks outer clothing. Exertion comes from walking up hills and moving across uneven ground. Those bursts of effort generate heat that needs somewhere to go; if that heat condenses as sweat, and that sweat is absorbed by your clothes, you’ll get cold fast.

I often describe it as a climate of contradictions. You can feel both chilled and overheated within the same hour. Understanding what to wear in Antarctica is more about adaptability than insulation. Dressing well means planning for variation rather than committing to a single thermal state. That is why layering works, and why it remains the only practical approach to expedition travel in the far south.

The Layering System: Function Over Fashion

The Antarctic cruise clothing guide below explains what to wear in Antarctica for comfort and safety. A correct clothing system performs three tasks: it moves moisture away from the skin, traps warm air, and blocks external wind and water. These are the base, mid, and outer layers respectively. Each has a clear function; when one fails, the entire system fails with it.

Base Layer- Managing Moisture

When deciding what to wear in Antarctica, start with an effective base layer that moves perspiration away from your skin so it can evaporate safely. The aim is to stay dry from the inside out.

Merino wool remains the gold standard. It regulates temperature exceptionally well, stays warm when damp, and resists odour across multiple wears. A mid-weight merino (200–250 g/m²) is suitable for most Antarctic conditions. Synthetic options such as polyester or polypropylene wick faster and dry quickly, though they can trap odour if not washed regularly. Both work well, but merino tends to offer a broader comfort range for expedition travel.

Choose a long-sleeved top and full-length leggings. The fit should be close but not tight; compression reduces the fabric’s ability to transport moisture. Some passengers experiment with mixed fabrics such as merino-synthetic blends, which combine the strengths of both. Counter-intuitively, mesh systems offer the greatest balance between heat retention and moisture wicking.

Base layers should never be heavily brushed or lined, as these trap moisture instead of moving it. Smooth technical fabrics perform best under multiple layers.

Mid Layer- Regulating Warmth

The mid layer’s task is insulation. It holds air warmed by your body while allowing excess heat to vent. The best options are fleece, synthetic insulated jackets, or light down.

Fleece is reliable. It insulates even when damp, dries quickly, and withstands repeated use. A 200–300 g/m² fleece jacket with a zip allows rapid temperature adjustment.

Synthetic insulation (e.g. Primaloft, Thinsulate, or Coreloft) imitates down but retains warmth when wet. It packs well and dries fast, making it ideal for Zodiac operations or landings in persistent drizzle.

Down offers excellent warmth-to-weight performance but is vulnerable to moisture. Even a few minutes of rain or internal condensation can flatten its loft. Down mid-layers are best for dry, cold conditions or worn beneath a fully waterproof shell.

In practice, a combination works best. I often use a thin fleece under a light synthetic jacket. This configuration allows me to remove one or both layers as the workload changes. On a short walk up to a viewpoint at Neko Harbour, passengers often overheat quickly; flexibility matters more than thickness.

Outer Layer- Defence Against the Elements

Of all decisions about what to wear in Antarctica, the outer shell matters most. It keeps the environment out- wind, rain, snow, and spray- while letting internal moisture escape. The two qualities are sometimes at odds, so finding the right balance between waterproofing and breathability is critical.

A good Antarctic shell has a hydrostatic head rating of at least 10,000 mm, fully taped seams, adjustable cuffs, and a high storm collar. Choose a hood with an adjustable drawcord and stiff brim to stop it collapsing under spray. Reinforced panels on the seat and knees are valuable for Zodiac travel and kneeling during landings.

Material Comparisons

Gore-Tex: The industry benchmark for waterproof-breathable membranes. It blocks external moisture while allowing internal vapour to pass through a micro-porous film. Salt, sunscreen, and body oils can clog pores, reducing breathability. Regular rinsing and periodic re-proofing with a durable water-repellent (DWR) treatment maintain function.

Windstopper (by Gore): Focuses on total windproofing with limited water resistance. It excels on cold, dry, windy days but is unsuitable for extended rain or Zodiac spray.

eVent: Performs similarly to Gore-Tex, often with superior vapour transfer. It breathes continuously rather than relying on humidity build-up to trigger venting. Dirt or detergent residue can block its structure, sharply reducing performance. For technically minded travellers willing to care for their kit, eVent offers outstanding comfort.

Polyurethane-coated (PU) fabrics: Fully waterproof but largely non-breathable. They protect against heavy spray but accumulate condensation inside during exertion. PU shells are acceptable as emergency protection but not for daily use.

Most expedition operators supply passengers with a waterproof outer jacket as part of the voyage package. They include the cost in the fare. These jackets are usually high quality and designed specifically for Antarctic outings, often with a removable insulated liner that can be worn separately in milder conditions. Passengers are not obliged to use or keep them, but they are almost always practical and well constructed. Try your jacket early in the voyage to check fit and comfort.

When conditions turn rough- especially in the Gerlache Strait or during long Zodiac transfers- only a fully waterproof, seam-sealed shell keeps you comfortable.

Waterproof Trousers- Often Overlooked but Essential

Many first-time travellers unsure about what to wear in Antarctica underestimate the importance of waterproof trousers. Yet many arrive with water-resistant hiking trousers or insulated ski salopettes that are unsuitable for sustained wet conditions.

A proper pair of fully waterproof, breathable over-trousers is essential. They should have taped seams, side zips to fit easily over boots, and reinforced panels on the seat and knees. The waterproof rating should match that of your jacket- around 10,000 mm or higher- with enough breathability to prevent condensation during active landings.

Choosing the Right Fit and Fabric

When buying, remember that you generally get what you pay for. Cheap over-trousers rarely survive real Antarctic use. Their coatings wear off quickly, seams leak, and they often lack adequate breathability. Invest in quality; it will pay off within the first day ashore.

Landings are usually wet, which means you may step into water almost to the knee when disembarking from a Zodiac. Your trousers must be long enough to overlap the top of your boots and waterproof enough to stop that water from seeping in. Always wear them over the boots, never tucked inside, to create a watertight overlap that channels water away rather than into the boot.

Avoid insulated ski trousers or heavy padded types; they trap too much heat and become cumbersome when wet. Lightweight shell trousers are more versatile and dry quickly. Fit is important: too tight and you lose movement when boarding Zodiacs; too loose and the material catches wind or snags on hardware.

Many operators issue waterproof trousers for landings, but not all do. If yours are not provided, bring a technical pair designed for maritime or mountaineering use. They should layer comfortably over thermal leggings or lightweight hiking trousers, allowing free movement while seated or crouched.

During Zodiac operations, these trousers take the brunt of spray and water runoff. Even a short crossing can leave lower legs soaked if the fabric is inadequate. Passengers who try to manage with hiking trousers often discover the problem too late- usually during the first landing. The difference between “water-resistant” and “waterproof” becomes painfully clear once the seat of your trousers is wet from a few minutes on a rubber pontoon.

Extremities: Where Comfort Is Lost First

Most discomfort on landings begins at the extremities. Cold fingers, wet feet, or a numb face can end a landing early, even when the rest of the body is warm. Protecting the hands, head, and feet properly makes the difference between endurance and enjoyment.

If you have wondered what to wear in Antarctica to keep your hands and feet warm and dry, start with layered protection and waterproof materials.

Hands

Gloves are the first piece of equipment to fail when the weather turns wet. They must provide insulation, grip, and water resistance without sacrificing dexterity. A two-layer system works best: a thin liner glove made from merino or fleece beneath a waterproof, insulated over-glove or mitt. The liner allows you to handle camera controls or adjust lifejacket straps without full exposure, while the outer glove shields against spray and wind.

Avoid thick ski gloves; they are bulky, slow to dry, and rarely waterproof once saturated. Waterproof mittens with removable liners are more practical. They dry faster and can be reassembled easily after each landing. Carry a spare set because once gloves become wet, they rarely dry properly inside a ship’s cabin in only a few hours. On days of heavy sea spray, even the best gloves eventually wet through, but a dry replacement keeps the second landing comfortable.

Head and Neck

Heat loss from the head is often overstated but still significant in high winds. A simple wool or synthetic beanie under the hood of your waterproof shell works well for most conditions. Choose a hood with a firm brim and adjustable drawcord to resist spray. A neck gaiter or Buff protects against cold air and rain without flapping or absorbing water. When the wind drops or the sun appears, you can pull it down easily to prevent overheating.

Feet

Most operators supply passengers with insulated rubber boots for landings. They design these boots for both biosecurity and warmth. The smooth exteriors prevent mud or seeds from lodging in seams, while neoprene linings keep the feet warm even when standing in meltwater.

The key is the right sock combination. A single medium-weight merino or technical synthetic sock works best. Two pairs compress the foot and reduce circulation, often making it colder rather than warmer. Change to a fresh pair between landings whenever possible. Even a small amount of trapped perspiration cools quickly once you step onto snow or wet gravel.

When returning from a landing, always remove boots in the ship’s mudroom and let them dry in your locker.

Clothing Aboard the Ship

Shipboard temperatures are comfortable- typically around 20 °C. Heavy outdoor clothing quickly becomes stifling once inside. Understanding what to wear in Antarctica also means knowing what to wear aboard. A light base layer, trousers, and a fleece or thin jumper are sufficient for most of the day. Soft, non-slip shoes work well, though wildlife watching on deck calls for water-resistant shoes with good grip.

Many passengers overpack with evening wear, imagining a conventional cruise atmosphere. Expedition vessels are practical environments: dining rooms are informal, and wet-gear drying racks occupy more space than cocktail bars. Light, casual clothing that washes and dries quickly is ideal. Cabin storage is limited, and large suitcases occupy valuable floor space.

Manage damp clothing systematically. Hang base layers in the drying room rather than your cabin and separate gloves to allow air circulation. Avoid placing garments directly against heating panels; technical fabrics can distort under heat.

What Not to Bring

Every season reveals unnecessary or counter-productive clothing. Jeans and heavy cotton hoodies are completely unsuited to the environment; once wet, they remain cold and heavy. Thick ski jackets and padded parkas designed for continental winters trap too much heat in mild coastal conditions and rarely provide proper waterproofing.

Ski boots and hiking shoes are not allowed on landings because of the wet conditions. Crampons are prohibited as they can damage Zodiacs, and the terrain rarely requires them. Drones are banned under IAATO regulations except for authorised scientific work, and most operators enforce a strict policy. Large camera bags with non-waterproof zips or leather cases also suffer badly in salt spray.

Avoid over-packing. Shipboard storage is finite, and excess gear complicates life in the cabin. A smaller, well-chosen selection of high-performance layers outperforms a suitcase full of mismatched clothing. Click here for our Antarctic cruise packing list.

Environmental and Biosecurity Responsibilities

Every visitor to Antarctica operates under the Antarctic Treaty and the guidelines of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). These rules apply on every landing. Biosecurity matters because even a single grass seed or trace of soil can introduce a non-native organism to a fragile site.

Before the first landing, every passenger must clean all outer clothing. Pockets, Velcro seams, and boot soles require vacuuming and inspection by the expedition team. Keep outer layers free of mud, feathers, and debris. The team repeats the inspection if the ship continues to South Georgia, where the standards are even stricter.

Selecting Biosecure Clothing Materials

When choosing Antarctic clothing, select smooth-faced fabrics. They are easier to clean and more weatherproof. Coarse weaves or heavy fleece collect organic material. Bright colours improve visibility, but reflective strips or dangling accessories are discouraged because they can disturb wildlife or complicate photography. Try to minimise Velcro; it traps debris and is difficult to clean.

Expedition staff encourage passengers to consider environmental impact at the material level. Synthetic fabrics shed microfibres during washing; merino wool and recycled synthetics reduce this burden. Use biodegradable re-proofing agents and detergents wherever possible.

The collective discipline of passengers determines how sustainable Antarctic tourism remains. Following IAATO’s clothing and cleaning standards is not bureaucracy; it is part of protecting a continent that belongs to no one.

Preparing and Testing Your Gear

Before travelling, test what to wear in Antarctica during a wet, cold walk at home. A short trial in bad weather teaches more about layering than any packing list. Wear your full system — base, mid, and outer layers — and note whether you overheat, feel restricted, or find condensation building up inside. If you return damp from your own sweat rather than rain, adjust your setup.

On landings, you move quickly from stillness to activity. Efficient layering is not about bulk but control. Aim to be slightly cool when stepping into the Zodiac; you will warm quickly. Travellers who begin overheated rarely cool down without removing too much.

If your voyage involves a charter flight to King George Island- the “fly-the-Drake” option– remember that airlines enforce strict weight limits. Cabin and checked bags are weighed precisely because small aircraft have little tolerance for excess. Travellers who pack compact, versatile layers avoid most of these issues.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Across seasons, the same clothing errors repeat themselves. Most stem from misunderstanding what to wear in Antarctica.

The first is over-insulation. Many passengers expect continental cold and dress for it, wearing thick parkas and padded trousers that trap heat and moisture. Within ten minutes of walking uphill to a penguin colony, they overheat. When they stop moving, the condensation cools, and they feel cold from their own perspiration.

The second is underestimating wetness. Some passengers rely on “water-resistant” garments, assuming drizzle will be minor. Antarctic rain rarely behaves politely. Extended Zodiac rides, wind-driven spray, and sleet soak anything without sealed seams. Once wet, the clothing system fails.

Another frequent issue is inadequate hand protection. Thin gloves are popular for photography, yet they saturate quickly and offer little warmth. Keeping a dry spare pair solves this entirely.

Foot comfort is often neglected. Standing still on snow or gravel in damp socks leads to rapid heat loss. A single technical sock per landing is enough, but it must be dry.

Finally, many travellers fail to manage their gear aboard ship. They hang wet jackets in warm cabins, trapping moisture that never fully evaporates. The next morning, the garments feel clammy and heavy. Use the drying room and keep clothing organised to avoid this cycle.

Dressing for the Ice: Essential Principles

Dressing well for Antarctica is not about fashion or expense; it is about understanding the environment. The Antarctic Peninsula demands flexibility more than insulation. The same day can deliver calm, rain, snow, and sunshine, and a good clothing system adapts to all of it.

The guiding principle is balance: enough insulation to stay comfortable at rest, enough ventilation to shed heat when moving, and outer protection that blocks wind and water without sealing you inside a plastic bag. Breathable waterproof fabrics, disciplined layering, and well-maintained equipment achieve this balance better than any heavy parka.

Most importantly, remain attentive to conditions. Adjust layers before you start to sweat, tighten hoods before spray arrives, and keep gloves accessible with one hand. Comfort in Antarctica comes from anticipation, not reaction.

Good clothing will not make you a better explorer, but it lets you stay present in the experience- focused on the wind, the ice, and the penguins rather than your temperature. Once you understand what to wear in Antarctica, you stop thinking about discomfort and start appreciating where you are.

Further Information

Linblad Expeditions has a good article about what to bring with you.

Aurora Expeditions recommendations are outlined here.